Radio frequency connectors play a crucial role in establishing electrical connections and separations within transmission lines or between different types of transmission lines, such as coaxial cables and microstrip lines. They are essential components in mechatronics, serving as bridges for seamless connectivity.
Various types of connectors
- Bayonet Type (Internal Bayonet, External Bayonet): BNC
- Thread Type (Right-Hand Thread, Left-Hand Thread): L29 (7/16), N, F, TNC, SMA, SMC, SSMA, SSMB, FME, L9 (1.6/5.6), 7mm, 3.5mm, 2.4mm, K (2.92mm), 1.85mm, 1mm
- Push Type (In-Line, Self-Locking): SMB, SSMB, MCX, MMCX, SMP, SMI, BMA, SAA
- Flange Connection Type
They are further classified by size:
- Standard Type: UHF, N, 7/16, 7mm
- Small Size: BNC, TNC
- Subminiature: SMA, SMB, SMC, MCX, BMA, SAA, 3.5mm
- Micro: SSMA, SSMB, MMCX, 2.4mm, K (2.92mm), 1.85mm, 1mm
Main Specifications of Radio Frequency Connectors
Impedance: Most RF connectors adhere to the standard 50Ξ© impedance, with the exception of 75Ξ© systems commonly used in cable TV installations. Matching the connector’s characteristic impedance with the cable is critical to avoid signal loss.
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio): Ideally, VSWR should be unity, but well-designed connectors can maintain it below 1.2 within the operational frequency range.
Frequency Range: RF connectors should exhibit low loss in the typical frequency range of 1 to 10GHz. For frequencies above 10GHz, specialized connectors are available, though they tend to be expensive.
Insertion Loss: This measures the connector’s signal loss within the frequency range of interest, typically ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 decibels. Minimizing even such small losses is critical, especially in low-noise front-end applications.
Operation Cycle: Connectors are rated for a specific number of connection/disconnection cycles, usually 500 or 1000 cycles. The specified tightening torque is essential for maintaining performance and reliability, particularly in threaded connectors.
Power Handling: The connector’s power handling capacity depends on resistance losses (heating) and insulation breakdown. Today, the focus is on low-power devices, such as mobile phones and small base stations, which require connectors with lower power constraints.
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